Free & Open Source Software

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# Free & Open Source Software

## Data Modernization Workshop

### Dr. Alison Presmanes Hill · [alison.rbind.io](https://alison.rbind.io/)

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# Disclosure

I am an employee of RStudio, PBC. I  will be speaking from that perspective.  I will not comment on relative advantages or disadvantages of our products vs. competitors.

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# What is free and open source software?

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# What is free? (*Gratis* versus *Libre*)

The English adjective free is commonly used in one of two meanings:

+ "for free" (*gratis*) and

+ "with little or no restriction" (*libre*).

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# "Think free as in free speech,<br>not free donuts."

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## .center[✖️<br><svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 640 512" style="height:1em;width:1.25em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M352 288h-16v-88c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8h-13.58c-4.74 0-9.37 1.4-13.31 4.03l-15.33 10.22a7.994 7.994 0 0 0-2.22 11.09l8.88 13.31a7.994 7.994 0 0 0 11.09 2.22l.47-.31V288h-16c-4.42 0-8 3.58-8 8v16c0 4.42 3.58 8 8 8h64c4.42 0 8-3.58 8-8v-16c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8zM608 64H32C14.33 64 0 78.33 0 96v320c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h576c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V96c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32zM48 400v-64c35.35 0 64 28.65 64 64H48zm0-224v-64h64c0 35.35-28.65 64-64 64zm272 192c-53.02 0-96-50.15-96-112 0-61.86 42.98-112 96-112s96 50.14 96 112c0 61.87-43 112-96 112zm272 32h-64c0-35.35 28.65-64 64-64v64zm0-224c-35.35 0-64-28.65-64-64h64v64z"/></svg>]
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???

Richard Stallman summarized the nature of *libre* in a slogan that I'll adapt here

Both meanings of free are relevant here!

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# You as a user are "free" to...

1. .emphasis[RUN]<br>Run the program as you wish, for any purpose.

1. .emphasis[STUDY]<br>Study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish. Access to the source code is a precondition for this.

1. .emphasis[COPY & DISTRIBUTE]<br>Redistribute copies so you can help others.

1. .emphasis[CHANGE & IMPROVE]<br>Distribute copies of your modified versions to others. By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this.

.footnote[https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.en.html#f1]

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# "Think free as in a free puppy?"

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### Scientific & technical computing companies

Some traditional leaders:

- SAS Institute (SAS/JMP)

- MathWorks (MATLAB)

- Wolfram Research (Mathematica)

- IBM (SPSS)
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### Open source tools for scientific and technical computing

- SageMath

- GNU Octave (compatible with Matlab)

- R

- Python / [Project Jupyter](https://jupyter.org/)

- Julia
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# Benefits of FLOSS

- actual functionality

- accessibility

- resiliency

- participatory

- reproducibility
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???

A single software vendor is fundamentally incapable of keeping up with the breadth and depth of methodological innovation that occurs in science.

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# Reproducibility

> "The baseline requirement for reproducibility is that I can run your software!"
>
> [J.J. Allaire](https://youtu.be/DskltmWKOVY)

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## "Data Driven WV" helps support vaccine supply & demand with dashboards

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> "In the pandemic’s infancy, the process was done manually using Google Docs and Microsoft Excel spreadsheets."

> "Their ability to use data to forecast PPE and track inventory for vaccines has allowed the state to be ready and nimble to shift with the unpredictable tides of the pandemic."
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.footnote[[Article](https://www.wvnews.com/data-science-from-wvu-helping-support-vaccine-supply-demand/article_c5aa5c17-a015-58dd-9d4a-605164010d68.html), [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CYilc-rEgjg), [walk-through](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2DzDs0ksZY)]